Toano, VA · standard

ZIP Code 23168

James City County, Virginia — Census ACS demographics, housing tenure, and business patterns, benchmarked against every US ZIP.

Reviewed by PlainZIP Editorial Team, ZIP Code Data Editors · June 13, 2026

6,115
101/sq mi: $137,481
Median income: $424,900
Median home value: 42.7%
Bachelor's or higher

The verdict

Toano pairs a top-decile household income with upper-quartile home values, in a rural, homeowner-dominated area.

Top 6%
household income, US ZIPs: Top 18%
home value, US ZIPs: 101
people per sq mi: 85%
owner-occupied homes

Source: U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates (2019–2023). Percentiles rank ZIP 23168 against every reporting US ZIP.

ZIP code 23168 is classified by USPS as a standard delivery area and covers roughly 60.4 square miles in Toano, James City County, Virginia. The area is home to 6,115 residents, producing a population density of 101 people per square mile, and falls within the New York time zone. These USPS and Census boundary values drive every downstream statistic on this page, including the benchmarks that compare 23168 against Virginia and the nation.

On the economic side, the median household income for ZIP 23168 sits at $137,481 (61% above the Virginia average), while per-capita income is $51,276. The poverty rate stands at 3.2% and the unemployment rate at 3.2%. On housing, the median home value is $424,900 (27% above the state average) with median rent at $1,412 per month, and 84.5% of occupied units are owner-occupied, a direct signal of whether 23168 behaves more like a homeowner neighborhood or a renter-heavy ZIP.

Education and household profile round out the picture: 42.7% of adults hold a bachelor's degree or higher, the median age is 43, and the average commute is 28 minutes. We also surface 5 nearby ZIP codes within roughly 10 miles and 2 additional ZIPs sharing James City County, so you can benchmark 23168 against its immediate geography rather than a national average alone. Every figure is sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, HUD Fair Market Rents, and FHFA Home Price Index data, no estimates, no proprietary scoring. Verify with HUD →

Top industries in ZIP 23168

Construction

37
Professional, scientific, and technical services

30
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

24
Other services (except public administration)

18
Manufacturing

12

What this shows Establishment counts come from the Census ZIP Code Business Patterns program, which counts physical business locations rather than employees or revenue.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates + ZIP Code Business Patterns + HUD FMR + FHFA HPI ACS demographics, ZBP business establishments, HUD Fair Market Rents, FHFA HPI for ZIP 23168, Toano, VA · 2023 Accessed 2026-06-13 Census ACS 5-Year Estimates use a rolling 60-month sample for stable small-geography estimates; ZBP updated annually; HUD FMR + FHFA HPI updated quarterly/annually.

Quick Facts

6,115

Population

60.4

Area (sq mi)

101

People / sq mi

New York

Time Zone

standard

ZIP Type

Neighborhood Scorecard

Get an A-F grade across income, safety, housing, rent, education, commute, and childcare for this ZIP code.

View Scorecard →

Who lives in ZIP 23168?

43.0

Median Age

50.4%

Male

49.6%

Female

4.0%

Foreign-Born

White 71.7%

African American 18.5%

Asian 1.4%

American Indian or Alaska Native 0.0%

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 0.0%

Two or More Ethnicities 7.3%

Hispanic or Latino 2.4%

Hispanic or Latino is an ethnicity category from the Census Bureau and may overlap with other categories above.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)

How much do residents earn?

$137,481

Median Household Income

+61% vs state

$51,276

Per Capita Income

3.2%

Poverty Rate

3.2%

Unemployment Rate

27.6 min

Mean Commute Time

How ZIP 23168 ranks nationally

Household income vs. every US ZIP code

Median household income — the full national distribution, with this ZIP marked

$137,481 Top 6% higher than 94% of 30,318 US ZIPs

Each bar is a $20K-wide band; taller bars hold more US ZIPs. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count, share, and where it sits relative to this entry.

Source U.S. Census Bureau — ACS 5-Year Estimates · 2019–2023

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)

What is the education profile here?

High School Graduate or Higher 63.4%

Bachelor's Degree or Higher 42.7%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)

What does housing look like?

3,423

Total Housing Units

3,375

Occupied Units

Vacant Units

2.86

Avg Household Size

Occupancy Type

Owner 84.5%

Renter 15.5%

$424,900

Median Home Value

+27% vs state

$1,412

Median Rent

2001

Median Year Built

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)

How have home values changed over time?

FHFA House Price Index, annual appreciation data based on repeat sales and appraisals

+19.2%

YoY Change (2024)

285

HPI Index (2000 = 100)

+185%

Total Change Since 2000

Home values in ZIP 23168 have increased 19.2% over the past year (2024). Since 2000, this ZIP has seen +185% cumulative appreciation.

Year	Annual Change	HPI Index
2020	+2.3%	189
2021	+8.8%	205
2022	+8.7%	223
2023	+7.3%	239
2024	+19.2%	285

Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) House Price Index, All-Transactions, Five-Digit ZIP Codes (Developmental Index). Index base = 100 in year 2000. Data through 2024. ZIP codes with few transactions may show missing values.

What businesses operate in this ZIP?

Census Bureau data shows 179 business establishments in ZIP 23168, employing approximately 2,758 people with a combined annual payroll of $173,470,000.

179

Businesses

2,758

Employees

$173.5M

Annual Payroll

Industry Sectors

Industry	Establishments	% of Total
Construction	37	20.7%
Professional, scientific, and technical services	30	16.8%
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services	24	13.4%
Other services (except public administration)	18	10.1%
Manufacturing	12	6.7%
Wholesale trade	12	6.7%
Retail trade	9	5.0%
Real estate and rental and leasing	9	5.0%
Health care and social assistance	6	3.4%
Transportation and warehousing	5	2.8%
Accommodation and food services	5	2.8%
Finance and insurance	4	2.2%
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3	1.7%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ZIP Code Business Patterns (ZBP), 2023. Employment figures may include noise for disclosure avoidance.

Nearby ZIP Codes

Want a side-by-side? Compare 23168 vs 23011 →

23188

38,733
23168

6,115
23089

4,914
23156

1,555
23011

1,429
23187

267

What this shows Among its immediate neighbors, ZIP 23168 ranks #2 by population — useful context the national average alone can't give.

23168

$137,481
23011

$128,606
23089

$108,802
23188

$103,160
23156

$36,179

What this shows By household income, ZIP 23168 ranks the highest of 5 neighboring ZIPs — local affluence varies block to block, not just metro to metro.

ZIP Code	City	Population	Distance
23011	Barhamsville, VA	1,429	5.4 mi
23188	Williamsburg, VA	38,733	5.7 mi
23089	Lanexa, VA	4,914	6.0 mi
23156	Shacklefords, VA	1,555	10.6 mi
23187	Williamsburg, VA	267	10.9 mi

More ZIP Codes in James City County

James City County Toano, VA Virginia

Frequently Asked Questions

What county is ZIP code 23168 in? ▼

ZIP code 23168 (Toano) is located in James City County, Virginia. James City County contains multiple ZIP codes, see the full list at /counties/james-city-va.

What is the population of ZIP code 23168? ▼

ZIP code 23168 in Toano, VA has a population of 6,115 according to the Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates.

What is the median household income in ZIP 23168? ▼

The median household income in ZIP 23168 is $137,481, which is 80% above the national average of $76,288.

What is the average home value in ZIP 23168? ▼

The median home value in ZIP 23168 is $424,900, which is 53% above the national average of $278,155.

What is the demographic makeup of ZIP 23168? ▼

The largest racial group in ZIP 23168 is White at 71.7%. Hispanic or Latino residents make up 2.4% of the population.

How many businesses are in ZIP code 23168? ▼

ZIP code 23168 has 179 business establishments employing approximately 2,758 people, according to Census Bureau ZIP Code Business Patterns (ZBP) 2023 data.

What are the main industries in ZIP code 23168? ▼

The top industries by establishment count in ZIP 23168 are: Construction (37), Professional, scientific, and technical services (30), Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services (24). There are 13 industry sectors represented in total.

How have home values changed in ZIP code 23168? ▼

According to the FHFA House Price Index, home values in ZIP 23168 increased by 19.2% in 2024. Since 2000, home values in this ZIP have appreciated by approximately 185%. This is a developmental index based on repeat sales and appraisal data from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

What is the education level in ZIP code 23168? ▼

In ZIP code 23168, 63.4% of residents aged 25+ have a high school diploma or higher, and 42.7% hold a bachelor's degree or higher. These figures come from the Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023).

What is the average commute time in ZIP 23168? ▼

The mean commute time for workers in ZIP code 23168 is 27.6 minutes according to Census ACS data. The national average is roughly 26 minutes, so commuters here spend more time traveling to work than typical.

What percentage of residents own vs. rent in ZIP 23168? ▼

In ZIP code 23168, approximately 84.5% of occupied housing units are owner-occupied and 15.5% are renter-occupied, based on Census ACS 2023 data.

What is the poverty rate in ZIP code 23168? ▼

The poverty rate in ZIP code 23168 is 3.2% according to Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates. This measures the percentage of the population living below the federal poverty threshold.