Virginia Beach, VA · standard
ZIP Code 23451
Virginia Beach County, Virginia - Census ACS demographics, housing tenure, and business patterns, benchmarked against every US ZIP.
- 41,544
- 866/sq mi High-density area
- $100,697
- Median income Above-median income area
- $613,600
- Median home value Above-median home value
- 57.0%
- Bachelor's or higher Above-average bachelor's attainment
National ZIP placement
Virginia Beach pairs an upper-quartile household income with top-decile home values, in a low-density, mixed-tenure area.
- Top 19%
- household income, US ZIPs
- Top 9%
- home value, US ZIPs
- 866
- people per sq mi
- 53%
- owner-occupied homes
Source: U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates (2019–2023). Percentiles rank ZIP 23451 against every reporting US ZIP.
FHFA HPI release change
What changed in the latest House Price Index year
- FHFA House Price Index values in ZIP 23451 (Virginia Beach, VA) rose +8.2% from 2023 to 2024. The all-transactions index moved from 303.1 in 2023 to 328.1 in 2024 (2000 = 100).
ZIP code 23451 is a densely settled ZIP (a standard USPS delivery area) in Virginia Beach, Virginia Beach County, Virginia, with 41,544 residents across 48.0 square miles, a density of 866 people per square mile, in the New York time zone.
ZIP 23451 lands in the middle-income range, with a median household income of $100,697 (18% above the average Virginia ZIP), while per-capita income is $71,883. The poverty rate is 8.7%, with unemployment at 2.8%; those measures add context to the income figure. Median home value is $613,600 (83% above the average Virginia ZIP) and median rent is $1,779; 52.5% of occupied homes are owner-occupied.
This is a highly-educated ZIP: 57.0% of adults hold a bachelor's degree or higher, the median age is 39.6, and the average commute is 23 minutes. The page also surfaces 9 ZIP codes within roughly 10 miles and 6 more in Virginia Beach County, so 23451 can be compared with both its immediate and county-level context.
Every figure on this page is sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (including median rent) and the FHFA House Price Index, no estimates, no proprietary scoring. Verify with Census →
Top industries in ZIP 23451
Top 5 sectors by establishment count in Virginia Beach, VA
Which industries have the most business establishments in ZIP 23451.
- Accommodation and food services
Accommodation and food services
351 establishments
- Retail trade
Retail trade
236 establishments
- Professional, scientific, and technical services
Professional, scientific, and technical services
227 establishments
- Other services (except public administration)
Other services (except public administration)
179 establishments
- Real estate and rental and leasing
Real estate and rental and leasing
174 establishments
What this shows Establishment counts come from the Census ZIP Code Business Patterns program, which counts physical business locations rather than employees or revenue.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates + ZIP Code Business Patterns + FHFA HPI ACS demographics and median rent, ZBP business establishments, FHFA HPI for ZIP 23451, Virginia Beach, VA · 2023 Census ACS 5-Year Estimates use a rolling 60-month sample for stable small-geography estimates; ZBP updated annually; FHFA HPI updated quarterly/annually.
Quick Facts
41,544
Population
48.0
Area (sq mi)
866
People / sq mi
New York
Time Zone
standard
ZIP Type
Who lives in ZIP 23451?
39.6
Median Age
49.5%
Male
50.5%
Female
6.9%
Foreign-Born
Hispanic or Latino is an ethnicity category from the Census Bureau and may overlap with other categories above.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)
How much do residents earn?
$100,697
Median Household Income
+18% vs state ZIP avg
$71,883
Per Capita Income
8.7%
Poverty Rate
2.8%
Unemployment Rate
23.2 min
Mean Commute Time
How ZIP 23451 ranks nationally
Virginia Beach, VA household income vs. every US ZIP code
Median household income, the full national distribution, with this ZIP marked
$100,697 Top 19% higher than 81% of 30,318 US ZIPs
Each bar is a $20K-wide band; taller bars hold more US ZIPs. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count, share, and where it sits relative to this entry.
Source U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates · 2019–2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)
What is the education profile here?
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)
What does housing look like?
Housing stock: occupied vs vacant
24,971housing units
24,971
Total Housing Units
21,741
Occupied Units
3,230
Vacant Units
2.01
Avg Household Size
Occupancy Type
$613,600
Median Home Value
+83% vs state ZIP avg
$1,779
Median Rent
1984
Median Year Built
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)
How have home values changed over time?
FHFA House Price Index, annual appreciation data based on repeat sales and appraisals
+8.2%
YoY Change (2024)
328
HPI Index (2000 = 100)
+228%
Total Change Since 2000
Home values in ZIP 23451 have increased 8.2% over the past year (2024). Since 2000, this ZIP has seen +228% cumulative appreciation.
| Year | Annual Change | HPI Index |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | +3.1% | 227 |
| 2021 | +7.9% | 245 |
| 2022 | +13.8% | 278 |
| 2023 | +8.8% | 303 |
| 2024 | +8.2% | 328 |
Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) House Price Index, All-Transactions, Five-Digit ZIP Codes (Developmental Index). Index base = 100 in year 2000. Data through 2024. ZIP codes with few transactions may show missing values.
What businesses operate in this ZIP?
Census Bureau data shows 1,776 business establishments in ZIP 23451, employing approximately 20,015 people with a combined annual payroll of $867,746,000.
1,776
Businesses
20,015
Employees
$867.7M
Annual Payroll
17
Industry Sectors
| Industry | Establishments | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
| Accommodation and food services | 351 | 19.8% |
| Retail trade | 236 | 13.3% |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | 227 | 12.8% |
| Other services (except public administration) | 179 | 10.1% |
| Real estate and rental and leasing | 174 | 9.8% |
| Construction | 140 | 7.9% |
| Health care and social assistance | 110 | 6.2% |
| Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services | 85 | 4.8% |
| Finance and insurance | 78 | 4.4% |
| Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 53 | 3.0% |
| Wholesale trade | 41 | 2.3% |
| Manufacturing | 29 | 1.6% |
| Transportation and warehousing | 29 | 1.6% |
| Information | 18 | 1.0% |
| Educational services | 14 | 0.8% |
| Management of companies and enterprises | 8 | 0.5% |
| Industries not classified | 3 | 0.2% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ZIP Code Business Patterns (ZBP), 2023. Employment figures may include noise for disclosure avoidance.
Nearby ZIP Codes
Want a side-by-side? Compare 23451 vs 23454 →
ZIP 23451 vs its nearest neighbors, by population
Resident population of this ZIP and the closest reporting ZIP codes within ~10 miles.
- 23462
Virginia Beach (23462)
61,973 residents
- 23454
Virginia Beach (23454)
60,283 residents
- 23452
Virginia Beach (23452)
59,321 residents
- 23456
Virginia Beach (23456)
51,748 residents
- 23455
Virginia Beach (23455)
47,938 residents
- 23451
Virginia Beach (23451)
41,544 residents
- 23453
Virginia Beach (23453)
35,960 residents
- 23460 1,201
Virginia Beach (23460)
1,201 residents
- 23459 1,091
Virginia Beach (23459)
1,091 residents
What this shows Among its immediate neighbors, ZIP 23451 ranks #6 by population - useful context the national average alone can't give.
ZIP 23451 vs its nearest neighbors, by median income
Median household income of this ZIP and the closest reporting ZIP codes within ~10 miles.
- 23456
Virginia Beach (23456)
$130,533 median income
- 23454
Virginia Beach (23454)
$102,796 median income
- 23451
Virginia Beach (23451)
$100,697 median income
- 23455
Virginia Beach (23455)
$94,069 median income
- 23453
Virginia Beach (23453)
$93,838 median income
- 23452
Virginia Beach (23452)
$79,085 median income
- 23462
Virginia Beach (23462)
$69,040 median income
What this shows By household income, ZIP 23451 ranks #3 of 7 neighboring ZIPs, local affluence varies block to block, not just metro to metro.
| ZIP Code | City | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23454 | Virginia Beach, VA | 60,283 | 3.0 mi |
| 23459 | Virginia Beach, VA | 1,091 | 4.0 mi |
| 23460 | Virginia Beach, VA | 1,201 | 4.3 mi |
| 23452 | Virginia Beach, VA | 59,321 | 5.0 mi |
| 23461 | Virginia Beach, VA | 287 | 6.8 mi |
| 23453 | Virginia Beach, VA | 35,960 | 6.8 mi |
| 23456 | Virginia Beach, VA | 51,748 | 9.4 mi |
| 23455 | Virginia Beach, VA | 47,938 | 8.0 mi |
| 23462 | Virginia Beach, VA | 61,973 | 8.3 mi |
Nationwide ZIPs with similar ACS profiles
Two Census-derived peer sets for ZIP 23451, both outside VA so the neighborhoods are not geographic containment (Nearby and same-county blocks stay local).
Similar population
Nearest cross-state ZIPs by resident population (41,544 here; floor ≥1,000).
Similar median household income
Nearest cross-state ZIPs by ACS median household income.
More ZIP Codes in Virginia Beach County
Related Areas
Frequently Asked Questions
What county is ZIP code 23451 in?
ZIP code 23451 (Virginia Beach) is located in Virginia Beach County, Virginia. Virginia Beach County contains multiple ZIP codes, see the full list at /counties/virginia-beach-va.
What is the population of ZIP code 23451?
ZIP code 23451 in Virginia Beach, VA has a population of 41,544 according to the Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates.
What is the median household income in ZIP 23451?
The median household income in ZIP 23451 is $100,697, which is 32% above the national average of $76,288.
What is the average home value in ZIP 23451?
The median home value in ZIP 23451 is $613,600, which is 121% above the national average of $278,155.
What is the demographic makeup of ZIP 23451?
The largest racial group in ZIP 23451 is White at 77.7%. Hispanic or Latino residents make up 7.9% of the population.
How many businesses are in ZIP code 23451?
ZIP code 23451 has 1,776 business establishments employing approximately 20,015 people, according to Census Bureau ZIP Code Business Patterns (ZBP) 2023 data.
What are the main industries in ZIP code 23451?
The top industries by establishment count in ZIP 23451 are: Accommodation and food services (351), Retail trade (236), Professional, scientific, and technical services (227). There are 17 industry sectors represented in total.
How have home values changed in ZIP code 23451?
According to the FHFA House Price Index, home values in ZIP 23451 increased by 8.2% in 2024. Since 2000, home values in this ZIP have appreciated by approximately 228%. This is a developmental index based on repeat sales and appraisal data from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
What is the education level in ZIP code 23451?
In ZIP code 23451, 71.2% of residents aged 25+ have a high school diploma or higher, and 57.0% hold a bachelor's degree or higher. These figures come from the Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023).
What is the average commute time in ZIP 23451?
The mean commute time for workers in ZIP code 23451 is 23.2 minutes according to Census ACS data. The national average is roughly 26 minutes, so commuters here spend less time traveling to work than typical.
What percentage of residents own vs. rent in ZIP 23451?
In ZIP code 23451, approximately 52.5% of occupied housing units are owner-occupied and 47.5% are renter-occupied, based on Census ACS 2023 data.
What is the poverty rate in ZIP code 23451?
The poverty rate in ZIP code 23451 is 8.7% according to Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates. This measures the percentage of the population living below the federal poverty threshold.
Related
Take this with you
What to do with ZIP 23451's numbers, next.
- See how ZIP 23451 compares to a neighboring ZIP code on the same Census fields Compare this ZIP
- Check where Virginia Beach, VA ranks among every U.S. ZIP code on income, education, or homeownership View national rankings
- Save this ZIP to your shortlist to track alongside others you're considering View your shortlist
ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) are Census Bureau approximations of USPS ZIP codes; figures describe the ZCTA area, not any single address within it.