PlainZIP

Columbus, GA · standard

ZIP Code 31904

Muscogee County, Georgia - Census ACS demographics, housing tenure, and business patterns, benchmarked against every US ZIP.

32,871
440/sq mi
$66,291
Median income
$226,000
Median home value
32.0%
Bachelor's or higher

The verdict

Columbus pairs a below-median household income with above-median home values, in a low-density, mixed-tenure area.

41th pct
household income, US ZIPs
Top 49%
home value, US ZIPs
440
people per sq mi
52%
owner-occupied homes

Source: U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates (2019–2023). Percentiles rank ZIP 31904 against every reporting US ZIP.

ZIP code 31904 is a densely settled ZIP (a standard USPS delivery area) in Columbus, Muscogee County, Georgia, with 32,871 residents across 74.7 square miles, a density of 440 people per square mile, in the New York time zone.

ZIP 31904 reports a modest median household income of $66,291 (6% below the Georgia average), while per-capita income is $40,675. Poverty here runs at 20.1%, with unemployment measured at 5.9%. On housing, the median home value is $226,000 (6% below the state average) with median rent at $1,094 per month, and 51.8% of occupied units are owner-occupied.

A solid share of residents have a four-year degree: 32.0% of adults hold a bachelor's degree or higher, the median age is 37.6, and the average commute is 18 minutes. We also surface 10 nearby ZIP codes within roughly 10 miles and 6 additional ZIPs sharing Muscogee County, so you can benchmark 31904 against its immediate geography rather than a national average alone.

Every figure on this page is sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (including median rent) and the FHFA House Price Index, no estimates, no proprietary scoring. Verify with Census →

Top industries in ZIP 31904

Top 5 sectors by establishment count in Columbus, GA

Which industries have the most business establishments in ZIP 31904.

establishments

What this shows Establishment counts come from the Census ZIP Code Business Patterns program, which counts physical business locations rather than employees or revenue.

Source U.S. Census Bureau · ZIP Code Business Patterns (ZBP) As of 2023

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates + ZIP Code Business Patterns + FHFA HPI ACS demographics and median rent, ZBP business establishments, FHFA HPI for ZIP 31904, Columbus, GA · 2023 Census ACS 5-Year Estimates use a rolling 60-month sample for stable small-geography estimates; ZBP updated annually; FHFA HPI updated quarterly/annually.

Quick Facts

32,871

Population

74.7

Area (sq mi)

440

People / sq mi

New York

Time Zone

standard

ZIP Type

Neighborhood Scorecard
Get an A-F grade across income, safety, housing, rent, education, commute, and childcare for this ZIP code.
View Scorecard →

Who lives in ZIP 31904?

37.6

Median Age

48.9%

Male

51.1%

Female

6.0%

Foreign-Born

White 54.8%
African American 29.0%
Asian 2.9%
American Indian or Alaska Native 0.3%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander 0.2%
Two or More Ethnicities 8.1%
Hispanic or Latino 9.4%

Hispanic or Latino is an ethnicity category from the Census Bureau and may overlap with other categories above.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)

How much do residents earn?

$66,291

Median Household Income

-6% vs state

$40,675

Per Capita Income

20.1%

Poverty Rate

5.9%

Unemployment Rate

17.8 min

Mean Commute Time

How ZIP 31904 ranks nationally

Columbus, GA household income vs. every US ZIP code

Median household income, the full national distribution, with this ZIP marked

$66,291 41st percentile higher than 41% of 30,318 US ZIPs

$0–$20,000: 118 US ZIPs (0%). Below this entry. $20,000–$40,000: 1,573 US ZIPs (5%). Below this entry. $40,000–$60,000: 7,092 US ZIPs (23%). Below this entry. $60,000–$80,000: 9,980 US ZIPs (33%). This entry sits in this band. $80,000–$100,000: 5,778 US ZIPs (19%). Above this entry. $100,000–$120,000: 2,855 US ZIPs (9%). Above this entry. $120,000–$140,000: 1,362 US ZIPs (4%). Above this entry. $140,000–$160,000: 686 US ZIPs (2%). Above this entry. $160,000–$180,000: 364 US ZIPs (1%). Above this entry. $180,000–$200,000: 186 US ZIPs (1%). Above this entry. $200,000–$220,000: 324 US ZIPs (1%). Above this entry. This ZIP $0 $200K+ every reporting US ZIP, bucketed by value

Each bar is a $20K-wide band; taller bars hold more US ZIPs. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count, share, and where it sits relative to this entry.

Source U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates · 2019–2023

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)

What is the education profile here?

High School Graduate or Higher 57.7%
Bachelor's Degree or Higher 32.0%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)

What does housing look like?

16,322

Total Housing Units

14,416

Occupied Units

1,906

Vacant Units

2.39

Avg Household Size

Occupancy Type

Owner 51.8%
Renter 48.2%

$226,000

Median Home Value

-6% vs state

$1,094

Median Rent

1975

Median Year Built

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)

How have home values changed over time?

FHFA House Price Index, annual appreciation data based on repeat sales and appraisals

+5.2%

YoY Change (2024)

196

HPI Index (2000 = 100)

+96%

Total Change Since 2000

Home values in ZIP 31904 have increased 5.2% over the past year (2024). Since 2000, this ZIP has seen +96% cumulative appreciation.

Year Annual Change HPI Index
2020 +4.7% 140
2021 +9.6% 153
2022 +7.1% 164
2023 +13.6% 187
2024 +5.2% 196

Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) House Price Index, All-Transactions, Five-Digit ZIP Codes (Developmental Index). Index base = 100 in year 2000. Data through 2024. ZIP codes with few transactions may show missing values.

What businesses operate in this ZIP?

Census Bureau data shows 1,199 business establishments in ZIP 31904, employing approximately 17,260 people with a combined annual payroll of $828,496,000.

1,199

Businesses

17,260

Employees

$828.5M

Annual Payroll

16

Industry Sectors

Industry Establishments % of Total
Health care and social assistance 257 21.4%
Retail trade 191 15.9%
Other services (except public administration) 120 10.0%
Accommodation and food services 119 9.9%
Professional, scientific, and technical services 96 8.0%
Finance and insurance 94 7.8%
Real estate and rental and leasing 82 6.8%
Construction 67 5.6%
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services 65 5.4%
Wholesale trade 29 2.4%
Arts, entertainment, and recreation 19 1.6%
Manufacturing 16 1.3%
Transportation and warehousing 15 1.3%
Educational services 13 1.1%
Information 7 0.6%
Management of companies and enterprises 7 0.6%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ZIP Code Business Patterns (ZBP), 2023. Employment figures may include noise for disclosure avoidance.

Nearby ZIP Codes

Want a side-by-side? Compare 31904 vs 36867 →

ZIP 31904 vs its nearest neighbors, by population

Resident population of this ZIP and the closest reporting ZIP codes within ~10 miles.

residents

What this shows Among its immediate neighbors, ZIP 31904 ranks #3 by population - useful context the national average alone can't give.

Source U.S. Census Bureau · ACS 5-Year Estimates As of 2019–2023

ZIP 31904 vs its nearest neighbors, by median income

Median household income of this ZIP and the closest reporting ZIP codes within ~10 miles.

median income

What this shows By household income, ZIP 31904 ranks #5 of 9 neighboring ZIPs, local affluence varies block to block, not just metro to metro.

Source U.S. Census Bureau · ACS 5-Year Estimates As of 2019–2023
ZIP Code City Population Distance
36867 Phenix City, AL 22,210 4.2 mi
31808 Fortson, GA 6,679 5.4 mi
31909 Columbus, GA 35,177 4.7 mi
36877 Smiths Station, AL 11,414 5.7 mi
31901 Columbus, GA 8,638 6.3 mi
31906 Columbus, GA 21,757 6.7 mi
31907 Columbus, GA 55,332 7.6 mi
31903 Columbus, GA 20,128 10.0 mi
36870 Phenix City, AL 18,783 8.5 mi
36869 Phenix City, AL 18,751 10.3 mi

More ZIP Codes in Muscogee County

31907 standard
Columbus, GA
Pop: 55,332
31909 standard
Columbus, GA
Pop: 35,177
31906 standard
Columbus, GA
Pop: 21,757
31903 standard
Columbus, GA
Pop: 20,128
31901 standard
Columbus, GA
Pop: 8,638
31820 standard
Midland, GA
Pop: 8,473

Related Areas

Muscogee County Columbus, GA Georgia

Frequently Asked Questions

What county is ZIP code 31904 in? ▼
ZIP code 31904 (Columbus) is located in Muscogee County, Georgia. Muscogee County contains multiple ZIP codes, see the full list at /counties/muscogee-ga.
What is the population of ZIP code 31904? ▼
ZIP code 31904 in Columbus, GA has a population of 32,871 according to the Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates.
What is the median household income in ZIP 31904? ▼
The median household income in ZIP 31904 is $66,291, which is 13% below the national average of $76,288.
What is the average home value in ZIP 31904? ▼
The median home value in ZIP 31904 is $226,000, which is 19% below the national average of $278,155.
What is the demographic makeup of ZIP 31904? ▼
The largest racial group in ZIP 31904 is White at 54.8%. Hispanic or Latino residents make up 9.4% of the population.
How many businesses are in ZIP code 31904? ▼
ZIP code 31904 has 1,199 business establishments employing approximately 17,260 people, according to Census Bureau ZIP Code Business Patterns (ZBP) 2023 data.
What are the main industries in ZIP code 31904? ▼
The top industries by establishment count in ZIP 31904 are: Health care and social assistance (257), Retail trade (191), Other services (except public administration) (120). There are 16 industry sectors represented in total.
How have home values changed in ZIP code 31904? ▼
According to the FHFA House Price Index, home values in ZIP 31904 increased by 5.2% in 2024. Since 2000, home values in this ZIP have appreciated by approximately 96%. This is a developmental index based on repeat sales and appraisal data from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
What is the education level in ZIP code 31904? ▼
In ZIP code 31904, 57.7% of residents aged 25+ have a high school diploma or higher, and 32.0% hold a bachelor's degree or higher. These figures come from the Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023).
What is the average commute time in ZIP 31904? ▼
The mean commute time for workers in ZIP code 31904 is 17.8 minutes according to Census ACS data. The national average is roughly 26 minutes, so commuters here spend less time traveling to work than typical.
What percentage of residents own vs. rent in ZIP 31904? ▼
In ZIP code 31904, approximately 51.8% of occupied housing units are owner-occupied and 48.2% are renter-occupied, based on Census ACS 2023 data.
What is the poverty rate in ZIP code 31904? ▼
The poverty rate in ZIP code 31904 is 20.1% according to Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates. This measures the percentage of the population living below the federal poverty threshold.

Read our methodology to see how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.