Columbus, GA · standard
ZIP Code 31904
Muscogee County, Georgia - Census ACS demographics, housing tenure, and business patterns, benchmarked against every US ZIP.
- 32,871
- 440/sq mi High-density area
- $66,291
- Median income Near-median income area
- $226,000
- Median home value Near-median home value
- 32.0%
- Bachelor's or higher Above-average bachelor's attainment
National ZIP placement
Columbus pairs a below-median household income with above-median home values, in a low-density, mixed-tenure area.
- 41st pct
- household income, US ZIPs
- Top 49%
- home value, US ZIPs
- 440
- people per sq mi
- 52%
- owner-occupied homes
Source: U.S. Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates (2019–2023). Percentiles rank ZIP 31904 against every reporting US ZIP.
FHFA HPI release change
What changed in the latest House Price Index year
- FHFA House Price Index values in ZIP 31904 (Columbus, GA) rose +5.2% from 2023 to 2024. The all-transactions index moved from 186.5 in 2023 to 196.3 in 2024 (2000 = 100).
ZIP code 31904 is a densely settled ZIP (a standard USPS delivery area) in Columbus, Muscogee County, Georgia, with 32,871 residents across 74.7 square miles, a density of 440 people per square mile, in the New York time zone.
ZIP 31904 reports a modest median household income of $66,291 (6% below the average Georgia ZIP), while per-capita income is $40,675. The poverty rate is 20.1%, so the area-level income figures should not be treated as typical household experience. Median home value is $226,000 (6% below the average Georgia ZIP) and median rent is $1,094; 51.8% of occupied homes are owner-occupied.
A solid share of residents have a four-year degree: 32.0% of adults hold a bachelor's degree or higher, the median age is 37.6, and the average commute is 18 minutes. The page also surfaces 10 ZIP codes within roughly 10 miles and 6 more in Muscogee County, so 31904 can be compared with both its immediate and county-level context.
Every figure on this page is sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (including median rent) and the FHFA House Price Index, no estimates, no proprietary scoring. Verify with Census →
Top industries in ZIP 31904
Top 5 sectors by establishment count in Columbus, GA
Which industries have the most business establishments in ZIP 31904.
- Health care and social assistance
Health care and social assistance
257 establishments
- Retail trade
Retail trade
191 establishments
- Other services (except public administration)
Other services (except public administration)
120 establishments
- Accommodation and food services
Accommodation and food services
119 establishments
- Professional, scientific, and technical services 96
Professional, scientific, and technical services
96 establishments
What this shows Establishment counts come from the Census ZIP Code Business Patterns program, which counts physical business locations rather than employees or revenue.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates + ZIP Code Business Patterns + FHFA HPI ACS demographics and median rent, ZBP business establishments, FHFA HPI for ZIP 31904, Columbus, GA · 2023 Census ACS 5-Year Estimates use a rolling 60-month sample for stable small-geography estimates; ZBP updated annually; FHFA HPI updated quarterly/annually.
Quick Facts
32,871
Population
74.7
Area (sq mi)
440
People / sq mi
New York
Time Zone
standard
ZIP Type
Who lives in ZIP 31904?
37.6
Median Age
48.9%
Male
51.1%
Female
6.0%
Foreign-Born
Hispanic or Latino is an ethnicity category from the Census Bureau and may overlap with other categories above.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)
How much do residents earn?
$66,291
Median Household Income
-6% vs state ZIP avg
$40,675
Per Capita Income
20.1%
Poverty Rate
5.9%
Unemployment Rate
17.8 min
Mean Commute Time
How ZIP 31904 ranks nationally
Columbus, GA household income vs. every US ZIP code
Median household income, the full national distribution, with this ZIP marked
$66,291 41st percentile higher than 41% of 30,318 US ZIPs
Each bar is a $20K-wide band; taller bars hold more US ZIPs. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count, share, and where it sits relative to this entry.
Source U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates · 2019–2023
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)
What is the education profile here?
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)
What does housing look like?
Housing stock: occupied vs vacant
16,322housing units
16,322
Total Housing Units
14,416
Occupied Units
1,906
Vacant Units
2.39
Avg Household Size
Occupancy Type
$226,000
Median Home Value
-6% vs state ZIP avg
$1,094
Median Rent
1975
Median Year Built
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)
How have home values changed over time?
FHFA House Price Index, annual appreciation data based on repeat sales and appraisals
+5.2%
YoY Change (2024)
196
HPI Index (2000 = 100)
+96%
Total Change Since 2000
Home values in ZIP 31904 have increased 5.2% over the past year (2024). Since 2000, this ZIP has seen +96% cumulative appreciation.
| Year | Annual Change | HPI Index |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | +4.7% | 140 |
| 2021 | +9.6% | 153 |
| 2022 | +7.1% | 164 |
| 2023 | +13.6% | 187 |
| 2024 | +5.2% | 196 |
Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) House Price Index, All-Transactions, Five-Digit ZIP Codes (Developmental Index). Index base = 100 in year 2000. Data through 2024. ZIP codes with few transactions may show missing values.
What businesses operate in this ZIP?
Census Bureau data shows 1,199 business establishments in ZIP 31904, employing approximately 17,260 people with a combined annual payroll of $828,496,000.
1,199
Businesses
17,260
Employees
$828.5M
Annual Payroll
16
Industry Sectors
| Industry | Establishments | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
| Health care and social assistance | 257 | 21.4% |
| Retail trade | 191 | 15.9% |
| Other services (except public administration) | 120 | 10.0% |
| Accommodation and food services | 119 | 9.9% |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | 96 | 8.0% |
| Finance and insurance | 94 | 7.8% |
| Real estate and rental and leasing | 82 | 6.8% |
| Construction | 67 | 5.6% |
| Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services | 65 | 5.4% |
| Wholesale trade | 29 | 2.4% |
| Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 19 | 1.6% |
| Manufacturing | 16 | 1.3% |
| Transportation and warehousing | 15 | 1.3% |
| Educational services | 13 | 1.1% |
| Information | 7 | 0.6% |
| Management of companies and enterprises | 7 | 0.6% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ZIP Code Business Patterns (ZBP), 2023. Employment figures may include noise for disclosure avoidance.
Nearby ZIP Codes
Want a side-by-side? Compare 31904 vs 36867 →
ZIP 31904 vs its nearest neighbors, by population
Resident population of this ZIP and the closest reporting ZIP codes within ~10 miles.
- 31907
Columbus (31907)
55,332 residents
- 31909
Columbus (31909)
35,177 residents
- 31904
Columbus (31904)
32,871 residents
- 36867
Phenix City (36867)
22,210 residents
- 31906 21,757
Columbus (31906)
21,757 residents
- 31903 20,128
Columbus (31903)
20,128 residents
- 36870 18,783
Phenix City (36870)
18,783 residents
- 36869 18,751
Phenix City (36869)
18,751 residents
- 36877 11,414
Smiths Station (36877)
11,414 residents
What this shows Among its immediate neighbors, ZIP 31904 ranks #3 by population - useful context the national average alone can't give.
ZIP 31904 vs its nearest neighbors, by median income
Median household income of this ZIP and the closest reporting ZIP codes within ~10 miles.
- 31808
Fortson (31808)
$109,294 median income
- 36877
Smiths Station (36877)
$78,103 median income
- 36870
Phenix City (36870)
$72,500 median income
- 31909
Columbus (31909)
$69,166 median income
- 31904
Columbus (31904)
$66,291 median income
- 31907
Columbus (31907)
$54,453 median income
- 31901
Columbus (31901)
$51,424 median income
- 36869
Phenix City (36869)
$50,061 median income
- 36867
Phenix City (36867)
$48,026 median income
What this shows By household income, ZIP 31904 ranks #5 of 9 neighboring ZIPs, local affluence varies block to block, not just metro to metro.
| ZIP Code | City | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36867 | Phenix City, AL | 22,210 | 4.2 mi |
| 31808 | Fortson, GA | 6,679 | 5.4 mi |
| 31909 | Columbus, GA | 35,177 | 4.7 mi |
| 36877 | Smiths Station, AL | 11,414 | 5.7 mi |
| 31901 | Columbus, GA | 8,638 | 6.3 mi |
| 31906 | Columbus, GA | 21,757 | 6.7 mi |
| 31907 | Columbus, GA | 55,332 | 7.6 mi |
| 31903 | Columbus, GA | 20,128 | 10.0 mi |
| 36870 | Phenix City, AL | 18,783 | 8.5 mi |
| 36869 | Phenix City, AL | 18,751 | 10.3 mi |
Nationwide ZIPs with similar ACS profiles
Two Census-derived peer sets for ZIP 31904, both outside GA so the neighborhoods are not geographic containment (Nearby and same-county blocks stay local).
Similar population
Nearest cross-state ZIPs by resident population (32,871 here; floor ≥1,000).
Similar median household income
Nearest cross-state ZIPs by ACS median household income.
More ZIP Codes in Muscogee County
Related Areas
Frequently Asked Questions
What county is ZIP code 31904 in?
ZIP code 31904 (Columbus) is located in Muscogee County, Georgia. Muscogee County contains multiple ZIP codes, see the full list at /counties/muscogee-ga.
What is the population of ZIP code 31904?
ZIP code 31904 in Columbus, GA has a population of 32,871 according to the Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates.
What is the median household income in ZIP 31904?
The median household income in ZIP 31904 is $66,291, which is 13% below the national average of $76,288.
What is the average home value in ZIP 31904?
The median home value in ZIP 31904 is $226,000, which is 19% below the national average of $278,155.
What is the demographic makeup of ZIP 31904?
The largest racial group in ZIP 31904 is White at 54.8%. Hispanic or Latino residents make up 9.4% of the population.
How many businesses are in ZIP code 31904?
ZIP code 31904 has 1,199 business establishments employing approximately 17,260 people, according to Census Bureau ZIP Code Business Patterns (ZBP) 2023 data.
What are the main industries in ZIP code 31904?
The top industries by establishment count in ZIP 31904 are: Health care and social assistance (257), Retail trade (191), Other services (except public administration) (120). There are 16 industry sectors represented in total.
How have home values changed in ZIP code 31904?
According to the FHFA House Price Index, home values in ZIP 31904 increased by 5.2% in 2024. Since 2000, home values in this ZIP have appreciated by approximately 96%. This is a developmental index based on repeat sales and appraisal data from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
What is the education level in ZIP code 31904?
In ZIP code 31904, 57.7% of residents aged 25+ have a high school diploma or higher, and 32.0% hold a bachelor's degree or higher. These figures come from the Census Bureau ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023).
What is the average commute time in ZIP 31904?
The mean commute time for workers in ZIP code 31904 is 17.8 minutes according to Census ACS data. The national average is roughly 26 minutes, so commuters here spend less time traveling to work than typical.
What percentage of residents own vs. rent in ZIP 31904?
In ZIP code 31904, approximately 51.8% of occupied housing units are owner-occupied and 48.2% are renter-occupied, based on Census ACS 2023 data.
What is the poverty rate in ZIP code 31904?
The poverty rate in ZIP code 31904 is 20.1% according to Census Bureau ACS 2023 estimates. This measures the percentage of the population living below the federal poverty threshold.
Related
Take this with you
What to do with ZIP 31904's numbers, next.
- See how ZIP 31904 compares to a neighboring ZIP code on the same Census fields Compare this ZIP
- Check where Columbus, GA ranks among every U.S. ZIP code on income, education, or homeownership View national rankings
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ZIP Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) are Census Bureau approximations of USPS ZIP codes; figures describe the ZCTA area, not any single address within it.