ZIP Code 45231
standardSource:
Cincinnati · Hamilton County · Ohio
- Population
- 40,893
- Median income
- $71,353
- Median home value
- $176,000
- Bachelor's or higher
- 29.2%
- Land area
- 37.2 sq mi
1,100/sq mi
▼ 6% vs US
higher than 49% of US ZIPs
▼ 37% vs US
higher than 37% of US ZIPs
Median age 41.1
New York
ZIP code 45231 in Cincinnati, Ohio has a population of 40,893. The median household income is $71,353, which is 6% below the national average. Median home value is $176,000, 37% below the US average. 29.2% of residents hold a bachelor's degree or higher.
ZIP code 45231 is classified by USPS as a standard delivery area and covers roughly 37.2 square miles in Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio. The area is home to 40,893 residents, producing a population density of 1,100 people per square mile, and falls within the New York time zone. These USPS and Census boundary values drive every downstream statistic on this page, including the benchmarks that compare 45231 against Ohio and the nation.
On the economic side, the median household income for ZIP 45231 sits at $71,353 (2% below the Ohio average), while per-capita income is $36,975. The poverty rate stands at 11.7% and the unemployment rate at 4.9%. On housing, the median home value is $176,000 (11% below the state average) with median rent at $1,232 per month, and 72.6% of occupied units are owner-occupied, a direct signal of whether 45231 behaves more like a homeowner neighborhood or a renter-heavy ZIP.
Education and household profile round out the picture: 29.2% of adults hold a bachelor's degree or higher, the median age is 41.1, and the average commute is 25 minutes. We also surface 10 nearby ZIP codes within roughly 10 miles and 6 additional ZIPs sharing Hamilton County, so you can benchmark 45231 against its immediate geography rather than a national average alone. Every figure is sourced from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, HUD Fair Market Rents, and FHFA Home Price Index data, no estimates, no proprietary scoring. Verify with HUD →
Top industries in ZIP 45231
Top 5 sectors by establishment count
Which industries have the most business establishments in ZIP 45231.
- Health care and social assistance
Health care and social assistance
109 establishments
- Retail trade
Retail trade
85 establishments
- Other services (except public administration)
Other services (except public administration)
84 establishments
- Accommodation and food services
Accommodation and food services
62 establishments
- Construction
Construction
47 establishments
What this shows Establishment counts come from the Census ZIP Code Business Patterns program, which counts physical business locations rather than employees or revenue.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates + ZIP Code Business Patterns + HUD FMR + FHFA HPI ACS demographics, ZBP business establishments, HUD Fair Market Rents, FHFA HPI for ZIP 45231, Cincinnati, OH · 2023 Census ACS 5-Year Estimates use a rolling 60-month sample for stable small-geography estimates; ZBP updated annually; HUD FMR + FHFA HPI updated quarterly/annually.
Quick Facts
40,893
Population
37.2
Area (sq mi)
1,100
People / sq mi
New York
Time Zone
standard
ZIP Type
Who lives in ZIP 45231?
41.1
Median Age
49.5%
Male
50.5%
Female
6.1%
Foreign-Born
Hispanic or Latino is an ethnicity category from the Census Bureau and may overlap with other categories above.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)
How much do residents earn?
$71,353
Median Household Income
-2% vs state
$36,975
Per Capita Income
11.7%
Poverty Rate
4.9%
Unemployment Rate
24.6 min
Mean Commute Time
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)
What is the education profile here?
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)
What does housing look like?
17,505
Total Housing Units
16,911
Occupied Units
594
Vacant Units
2.34
Avg Household Size
Occupancy Type
$176,000
Median Home Value
-11% vs state
$1,232
Median Rent
1964
Median Year Built
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023)
How have home values changed over time?
FHFA House Price Index, annual appreciation data based on repeat sales and appraisals
+7.0%
YoY Change (2024)
200
HPI Index (2000 = 100)
+100%
Total Change Since 2000
Home values in ZIP 45231 have increased 7.0% over the past year (2024). Since 2000, this ZIP has seen +100% cumulative appreciation.
| Year | Annual Change | HPI Index |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | +5.8% | 126 |
| 2021 | +15.8% | 146 |
| 2022 | +14.6% | 167 |
| 2023 | +11.9% | 187 |
| 2024 | +7.0% | 200 |
Source: Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) House Price Index, All-Transactions, Five-Digit ZIP Codes (Developmental Index). Index base = 100 in year 2000. Data through 2024. ZIP codes with few transactions may show missing values.
What businesses operate in this ZIP?
Census Bureau data shows 562 business establishments in ZIP 45231, employing approximately 7,532 people with a combined annual payroll of $299,797,000.
562
Businesses
7,532
Employees
$299.8M
Annual Payroll
15
Industry Sectors
| Industry | Establishments | % of Total |
|---|---|---|
| Health care and social assistance | 109 | 19.4% |
| Retail trade | 85 | 15.1% |
| Other services (except public administration) | 84 | 14.9% |
| Accommodation and food services | 62 | 11.0% |
| Construction | 47 | 8.4% |
| Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services | 41 | 7.3% |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services | 28 | 5.0% |
| Finance and insurance | 18 | 3.2% |
| Wholesale trade | 16 | 2.9% |
| Educational services | 15 | 2.7% |
| Real estate and rental and leasing | 14 | 2.5% |
| Manufacturing | 12 | 2.1% |
| Transportation and warehousing | 10 | 1.8% |
| Information | 10 | 1.8% |
| Arts, entertainment, and recreation | 9 | 1.6% |
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ZIP Code Business Patterns (ZBP), 2023. Employment figures may include noise for disclosure avoidance.
Nearby ZIP Codes
Want a side-by-side? Compare 45231 vs 45218 →
| ZIP Code | City | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|---|
| 45218 | Cincinnati, OH | 3,846 | 1.7 mi |
| 45240 | Cincinnati, OH | 27,286 | 2.8 mi |
| 45224 | Cincinnati, OH | 19,837 | 3.1 mi |
| 45251 | Cincinnati, OH | 22,391 | 3.4 mi |
| 45239 | Cincinnati, OH | 28,315 | 3.6 mi |
| 45223 | Cincinnati, OH | 12,360 | 5.2 mi |
| 45215 | Cincinnati, OH | 29,623 | 4.1 mi |
| 45232 | Cincinnati, OH | 6,358 | 4.6 mi |
| 45014 | Fairfield, OH | 43,917 | 5.8 mi |
| 45216 | Cincinnati, OH | 9,570 | 4.3 mi |
More ZIP Codes in Hamilton County
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Frequently Asked Questions
What county is ZIP code 45231 in? ▼
What is the population of ZIP code 45231? ▼
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How many businesses are in ZIP code 45231? ▼
What are the main industries in ZIP code 45231? ▼
How have home values changed in ZIP code 45231? ▼
What is the education level in ZIP code 45231? ▼
What is the average commute time in ZIP 45231? ▼
What percentage of residents own vs. rent in ZIP 45231? ▼
What is the poverty rate in ZIP code 45231? ▼
ZIP Code Research Guides
Official Data Resources for Cincinnati, OH
Verify and explore additional data for this area using these official government sources.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2023). Business data: Source: Census ZIP Code Business Patterns (ZBP) 2023. Home value trends: Source: FHFA House Price Index (HPI), Five-Digit ZIP Codes.
PlainZIP is not affiliated with the U.S. Census Bureau or any government agency.
Read our methodology , how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.